The results clearly show that fungal diversity does not follow the same distribution pattern as that of other macro- and meso- organisms, but rather it is dependent on . Using marine bivalves as a model system and drawing on other systems where possible, we review paleobiologic . We found that the patterns of functional trait diversity livedaringlee. Marine parasitological evidence for a time hypothesis. The phylogeographic diversity gradient in New Word birds is robust to several types of bias. The latter, known as the mid-domain effect (MDE), predicts that random placement of species ranges within a bounded domain, such as along elevational and latitudinal gradients, depth gradients, or rivers (headwaters to river mouth), produces a peak of richness in the middle of the domain by the overlapping of species range (Colwell et al., 2004 . Read on to learn more about existing hypotheses that attempt to explain why this gradient exists, and how scientists may benefit from considering more than one hypothesis at a… We show that turtle diversity actually peaks at 25° north, a highly unusual global pattern. Journal of Mammalogy 76, 322-334. Fig 3. The latitudinal diversity gradient-the tendency for more species to occur toward the equator-is the dominant pattern of life on Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for it remain largely unexplained. Put another way, in the present day localities at lower latitudes generally have more species than localities at higher latitudes. 1).
(b) The latitudinal gradient in local species richness at each spatial scale. 2 The latitudinal gradient. Diversity of New World mammals: Universality of the latitudinal gradients of species and bauplans. Introducing the LDG.
Alpha diversity was highly variable, and showed no clear relationship to environmental variables.
6. While over 110 a hundred hypotheses have been proposed to explain the gradient (Willig et al., 2003; 111 Mittelbach et al., 2007; Fine, 2015), these can roughly be sorted under three umbrella 112 hypotheses which we use to frame our study: i) the Diversification Rate hypothesis (DRH), ii) latitudinal bin) of taxa. We primarily sampled more high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms . The latitudinal diversity gradient, with maximum taxonomic richness in the tropics, is widely accepted as being pervasive on land, but the existence of this pattern in the sea has been surprisingly controversial.
This study examined the latitudinal gradient of species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages on the slopes of rocks along the Northwestern Pacific coast of Japan, located between 31°N and 43°N, by explicitly incorporating an hierarchical spatial scale into the monitoring design. An impediment to understanding the origin and dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG)-the most pervasive large-scale biotic pattern on Earth-has been the tendency to focus narrowly on a single causal factor when a more synthetic, integrative approach is needed. SUBARC. Physical environmental factors have been seen as paramount in determining many large-scale biodistributional patterns in time and space. For a simple two-box model, with the tropics and extratropics de-noted as subscripts, diversity in the tropics ( D T) is determined by O T - E T þ I T, and diversity in theextratropics( D E)byO E - E E þ I E (Fig. black arrow. The pattern of having lots of species at the equator with diversity dwindling off towards the poles is known as the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient — "latitudinal" meaning how far north or south of the equator, "diversity" meaning the number of species, and "gradient" meaning the transition between high and low. Variation in forest soil fungal diversity along a latitudinal gradient Ling-Ling Shi & Peter E. Mortimer & J. W. Ferry Slik & Xiao-Ming Zou & Jianchu Xu & Wen-Ting Feng & Lu Qiao Received: 22 August 2013/Accepted: 7 November 2013 as the latitudinal diversity gradient, is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. 1).Historically, research has focused on gradients of species richness (i.e., the number of species in an assemblage) because that was the only information . The pattern is .
on the latitudinal diversity gradient of phyllostomid bats Richard D. Stevens* Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Determinants of contemporary patterns of diversity, particularly those spanning extensive latitudinal gra- 109 Pheidole as a model taxon to test hypotheses for the latitudinal diversity gradient. This is partly due to Thorson's influential claim that the normal latitudinal diversity gradient occurs in marine epifauna (taxa . Incumbency, diversity, and latitudinal gradients - Volume 34 Issue 2. There was no convincing evidence of a latitudinal cline in alpha, beta or gamma diversity within a 15° latitudinal gradient along the Norwegian coast.
given latitudinal band were used to calculate mean extent (Rohde et al. Latitudinal diversity gradient, peaking in the tropics and declining near the poles, forms the most remarkable large-scale biotic pattern common for both marine and terrestrial systems. Latitudinal Heat Balance, Temperature Measurement, Thermometers & Shelter and Exposure, Temperature Scales, Temperature Scale Conversion, Temperature Controls 9/27/18. The phylogeographic diversity gradient in New Word birds is robust to several types of bias. However, misleading results may be obtained if the study area is limited and provides only partial coverage of species ranges [ 26 ]. Title: The latitudinal gradient in species diversity 1 The latitudinal gradient in species diversity. ' represents one of the key research themes in biology (Gaston 2000). The latitudinal diversity gradient-the tendency for more species to occur toward the equator-is the dominant pattern of life on Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for it remain largely unexplained. The fact that many of the species-rich tropical marine environments are high in temperature but relatively low in productivity sug latitudinal bin) of taxa. Rohde, K. 1978: Latitudinal gradients in species diversity and their causes. Another major problem with Rapoport's rule con-cerns the relationships between the latitudinal diversity gradient, latitudinal trends in potential range extents, and observed patterns (Kolasa et al.
117 scale diversity patterns in ants. The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most widely studied patterns in ecology, yet no consensus has been reached about its underlying causes.
Fig. The latitudinal diversity gradient describes the phenomenon in which the diversity of species inhabiting biomes is higher near the equator and lower near the poles. Most studies of the latitudinal gradient comprise only one or few organism types and are often restricted to certain region or habitat types.
This method was called the midpoint method. Answer to Solved discuss latitudinal gradients and mechanistic. Here, we characterized the structure of planktonic microbial eukaryotic communities (0.2-30 μm cell size) along a North-South latitudinal gradient (~600 km) from samples collected in coastal and pelagic waters and from surface to the deepest zones (5-1400 m) using an 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach. The latitudinal diversity gradient is among the most well-known patterns in ecology (Hillebrand, 2004; Jocque et al., 2010).While general patterns of increasing richness from the poles to the equator are common, there are many exceptions (Gaston & Blackburn, 2000; Hillebrand, 2004; Heino, 2011).The potential mechanisms behind this gradient are broad, whether non-biological (e.g . Downloaded from geology.gsapubs.org on October 1, 2010 Quaternary origin of the inverse latitudinal diversity gradient among southern Chilean mollusks Steffen Kiel* and Sven N. Nielsen Institut für Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Ludewig-Meyn-Strasse 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany ABSTRACT Tables DR1 and DR2 in the GSA Data Reposi- Mollusks along the Pacific coast of South .
Several studies conducted at the regional scale (1000 s of km) have reported a significant change in benthic communities along a latitudinal scale [48, 49].
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