The 1980s saw the rise of several regional caste-based parties that challenged the dominance of upper castes in India's two major national parties - Prime Minister Narendra Modi's BJP and the main . Most of the early refugees from East Bengal belonged to the upper or middle caste groups-the bhadraloks. (PDF) Political future of caste in west bengal Paradox seen in NCRB data on crimes in West Bengal - The Hindu Apart from Rajbangshis (18.4 per cent) in north Bengal, Namashudras ( 17.4 per cent) are the largest caste group in West Bengal and together they constitute 35.8 per cent of the total scheduled caste population in the state which was 23 per cent in the 2011 Census. We welcome your comments at letters . CASTE AND POLITICS IN WEST BENGAL | Youth Ki Awaaz . In Northern districts of West Bengal- Cooch-Bihar, Alibardar, Jalpaiguri and Dargling, which are located in the vicinity of Assam, the Hindu upper class has voted for the BJP, but in Kolkata and areas of other districts that are close to Kolkata, the upper-caste (Bhadarlok) have voted differently (which is analyzed in next point). Due to the tendency of the Left Front to view politics solely through the prism of class, the . Hinduism is the largest religious tradition in the Indian state of West Bengal with approximately 68% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus (as of 2021). A majority of the Namasudras are followers of the Matua sect, a reason why the Namasudras and the Matuas are often conflated. A failing economy has been a problem in West Bengal for a long time now. During this period, according to . Twelve Scheduled Caste candidates have been elected in general seats this year, which is very unusual. Demography Of SC Population In Bengal. While bhadralok politics is still dominant . I list seven ways through which the myth of casteless politics was created in West Bengal but now stands exposed. In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, a sizeable section of Muslims (70 per cent) supported Mamata Banerjee's Trinamool Congress, while majority lower caste Hindus (60 per cent) voted for the BJP. Caste played a very marginal role in the politics of Left-ruled West Bengal. Although the heterogeneous condition of the different lower-caste population groups in West Bengal did not allow a combined dalit movement, there had been certain "general slogans (of land and rural wages in particular)" that led to the formation of a "bahujan samaj" at different points of time (Samaddar 2013:79). Three upper castes i.e. Support our journalism by contributing to Scroll Ground Reporting Fund . The Hindus in West Bengal mostly belong to the Shakta (the Kalikula tradition), minority to Vaishnavite and a small community belong to Shaivite and other denominations. These upper caste communities dominate almost all walks of . They cannot socially mix with any other caste in Bengal. Making caste and community politically salient helped the TMC break CPI(M)'s hold over rural West Bengal and allowed Banerjee to win two Assembly elections, in 2011 and in 2016. Dalits, comprising 23.5 per cent of the state's electorate and 25-30 per cent of its population, can influence results in around 100-110 seats in the 294-member assembly, most of which will . Hence not many people from both the domain are very much keen in this kind of politics. Among them, 400 were Muslim and only 60 of the Muslim MPs were from the Pasmanda community. May 2017. 11% of Muslims have never attended school . Therefore, West Bengal is an appropriate field for the enquiry into this question, since the changes in village society in West Bengal have probably been more spectacular in the Indian context, particularly during the last three decades (1980--2010). Answer (1 of 2): There are no official caste wise population figures avialable in West Bengal .Any figures quoted by any one for any caste in westbengal will not be correct . Ayan Guha. The fact that Bengal has an estimated 30 percent Muslim population is often stressed upon by political commentators. Bengal has not produced a Jagjivan Ram, Ramvilas Paswan, Nitish Kumar, Lalu Prasad or Mayawati. Table 1: Share of Socio-Religious Communities in Population in West Bengal (2004) Analytical Categories used Socio-Religious Communities Rural Urban Hindu-upper caste (H-UC) Hindu - upper caste 27.35 12.64 Hindu-backward castes (H-BC) Hindu - scheduled castes 27.17 19.32 Hindu - scheduled tribes 6.37 1.21 Bengal has not produced a Jagjivan Ram, Ramvilas Paswan, Nitish Kumar, Lalu Prasad or Mayawati. Eligibility. West Bengal accepted the fate of Hindus in East Pakistan as normal. While the old migrants, mostly poor farmers and artisans, were Left supporters . Oddly in 2019, West Bengal witnessed an unprecedented assertion by these backward caste groups. West Bengal DATA HIGHLIGHTS: THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001 The total population of West Bengal at 2001 Census has been 80,176,197. Drawing on cutting-edge multidisciplinary scholarship, it explains why caste continues to be neglected in the politics of and scholarship on West Bengal, and how caste relations have permeated the politics of the . Post-partition of Bengal, till date, has been characterised by upper-caste supremacy, from art forms to political languages to social narratives, and that was how the caste . The population of India is divided into several groups based on social, educational, and financial . This article has critically engaged with the speculative claim that the disappearance of caste question from public discourse during Left rule in West Bengal was a result of conscious upper-caste ploy to silence articulation of caste interests and tactfully eliminate the possibility of Dalit political assertion. The population density is 1,102 per sq. It is also the World's third most populous sub-national entity. 0 Reviews. In fact, since 1947, every West Bengal chief minister has been from the upper castes. The migration happened in two waves: first by the upper-caste gentry and landed communities in 1946-47 and then by Dalit peasants from 1950," said historian Sekhar Bandyopadhyay. They tended to gravitate towards the urban centres, more specifically to Calcutta. Km. Perhaps inadvertently, she went on to perfect the formula of Dalit-Muslim political unity in the state and bulldozed opponents. These castes account for just 20 per cent of the state's total population. Caste system in Bihar. Explained | What is driving the Dalit-Muslim divide in West Bengal? Apr 2014. According to the 1991 census, SCs comprised 23.62 per cent and STs 5.59 per cent of West Bengal's population, but reports say the government provided only four per cent and two per cent for the . This volume offers for the first time a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the making and maintenance of a modern caste society in colonial and postcolonial West Bengal in India. It has an area of 94,163 sq. There have been multiple reports of discrimination against the Pasmand as by upper caste Sharifs. Amit Shah In West Bengal: Caste equations will play a pivotal role in the West Bengal elections of 2021. Table A2: Sex Ratio, 0-6 age Population, Literates and Literacy rate by sex for 2001 and 2011 at a glance for West Bengal and the Districts( Format : xls , Size : 27 kB ) 4. Jalpaiguri is a district in West Bengal, which is situated in North Bengal. Some scholars believe that North Bengal is the homeland of the One of the best indicators of 'upper' caste Hindu domination over West Bengal would be the number of Cabinet positions enjoyed by them in the successive state governments - the tiny tri-caste Bengali elite (consisting of brahmins, kayasthas and vaidyas) increased its Cabinet composition from 78 percent under the Congress regime (1952-62 . ( Constitution of India ,under 1936,1950,1956 Orders). The NDA had solid support of the upper caste Hindus in Bihar (about 16 per cent) and even a large section of the non-Yadav OBCs. The Politics of Caste in West Bengal. Published by Statista Research Department , Oct 16, 2020. There are two types of Yadavs in Bengal .Bihari migrant yadavs who have settled down in wrstbengal .They still write Yada. The story of Lata Biswas, a Scheduled Caste (SC) person, demonstrates the insidious ways in which caste prejudice operates in Bengal. However, the rapid fall of the economy under the rule of the BJP, and the growing support towards BJP in many parts of Bengal, has now affected the Upper Caste and middle class groups as well, leading to increasing panic. The vast majority of Hindus in West Bengal are Bengali . The caste conundrum of West Bengal can be explained by understanding the construction of ' Bhadralok ' and deconstructing its political narratives. Routledge, Sep 25, 2015 - Social Science - 288 pages. In West Bengal, Dalits comprise 23.51% of the total population, the third highest Dalit population among Indian states (Table 1). . From being E astern Bengal's largest Hindu caste, the Namasudras are now West Bengal's second-largest Scheduled Caste community, making up 4 per cent of the state's population, according to the Census of 2001. It is not considered civil to bring up issues related to caste in polite urban conversation as these discussions seem provocative and rude for the gentle casteless society (Chatterjee 2015). The project studies the role of education and school in the lives of the refugees who settled in West Bengal after the partition of British India in 1947. There is a general notion that beauty care is meant for upper caste people and my target was to bring these SCT, ST women of Bengal to this industry to break this notion." "Now you will ask me why I was so keen on this. The political commentariat in the national media seems to have long given its verdict on West Bengal's fate in the ongoing state elections. Caste, occupations and land. Estimated caste wise population in west bengal be 102,741,588 Bengal based on mainly secondary sources of data is religiously diverse, region! Area, Population, Decennial Growth Rate and Density for 2001 and 2011 at a glance for West Bengal and the Districts( Format : xls , Size : 25 kB ) 3. By population, it is the third-largest state in India. Forty seven percent (112) of the 213 Trinamool MLAs are upper caste as are 34% (26) of the 77 . The Sudras are not of Aryan descent. The introduction of lockdown in March 2019 to combat Covid-19 became even worse West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar comprising 25%, 18.5% and In 2001,when the figure fell to 37.8%,there were more than 51% upper caste ministers in the Left Front Cabinet.. MATUA UNTOUCHABLE WRITERS IN WEST BENGAL: BETWEEN ISLAM AND INDIA'S CHANGING UPPER CASTE-LED SYSTEM DENNIS WALKER* ORIGINS AND BELIEFS OF MATUAS Caste Structure of Indian Society As the twentieth century closes, the Brahmans, barely six percent of tht Hindu population, still staid at the apex of the Indian society. Further, under the impact of partition and consequent communal tensions against the Hindus in East Pakistan, the Hindu population of West Bengal including the upper caste bhadraloks (1) In April 2012 she announced a grant of Rs 2500 p.m. to every imam and Rs 1500 to every muezzin in mosques ( and there are . Forward castes account for about 28.8% of the population based on Schedule 10 of available data from the National Sample Survey Organisation 55th (1999-2000) and National Sample Survey Organisation . Brahmin, Baidya and Kayastha, constituting around one-fifth of the population comprise the Bhadralok in Bengal. How these two large communities vote in the eight-phased assembly elections will . and is twelfth largest by territory. The Ashrafs, though comprising 2.01% of India's population, represented 4.5% of the seats between the 1 st and 13 th Lok Sabha elections. The upper castes: brahmin, kayastha and baidyas, who as a result of the Permanent Settlement (1793) came to control most of the land, functioned largely as absentee landlords. But . Of these 18,452,555 persons are Scheduled Castes (SCs), constituting 23 per cent of the total population of the state. Land was a productive asset that yielded substantial rent. Mahisyas and the new caste question in West Bengal politics . Since over 27% of the population of the state is Muslim, Mamata thought that she must secure this vote bank, and for this purpose took steps which greatly offended the 70.5% Hindu population in West Bengal, e.g. Kolkata: With West Bengal politics witnessing a class-to-caste paradigm shift, the TMC and BJP are engaged in a bitter fight to woo Dalit communities, a deciding factor in the ongoing assembly elections. Upper castes— Brahmins, Kayasths and Baidyas—comprise hardly 20 percent of the population but . The SCs in West Bengal are not homogeneous in their population composition and are diverse, unequally distributed throughout the state. they made up close to half the population of undivided Midnapore district in the early 20th century, and were the single largest . On the eve of Shah's visit, however, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced . Upper castes— Brahmins, Kayasths and Baidyas—comprise hardly 20 percent of the population but . academics) that caste does not matter in West Bengal. This caste difference sealed the fate of the Hindu refugees for later years, an expression of upper caste Hindu leadership in Left, right and centre and their indifference. That is until Mamata Banerjee changed all of this. Interestingly, the BJP is playing the same caste game in West Bengal, a state that has prided itself for long years on being free from caste politics. 18 In most villages, the spatiality of caste stands out, as there are distinct segregations between lower and upper-caste habitations, a fairly common phenomenon in West Bengal villages, also noted by authors such as Roy (2012). Share of caste demographics India 2019. Km. Caste, occupations and land. Ignoring of the Upper Caste Hindus and definite appeasement of the Lower Caste Hindus created a rift of Bhadrolok Vs Chotolokh. According to the 2011 census, in Nadia the Namasudras number 9,03,186 amounting to 17.48 per cent of the district's population and 58.39 per cent of the district's Scheduled Caste population. Bengal, we are told, is in the cusp of a significant . The Sardar Pakuria village has population of 361 of which 170 are males while 191 are females as per Population Census 2011. In an analysis (2001), Mondal says that in West Bengal, distribution of government employees across social groups reflects how a sizeable portion of government jobs is held by upper caste individuals, constituting 72.90 percent of the total population of government employees. The total percentage of OBCs is about 52 per cent of the population in Bihar, but Yadavs, who supported the RJD, are only about 12 per cent. There are certain particularities to the caste structure in West Bengal. population in West Bengal, not only in the field of education, but in all other spheres as well. Despite evidence to the contrary, Lata claimed that she did . Upper caste representation in the Assembly ranged from 45.9% in 1977 to 49% in 1996. Forward caste (referred as General Class/General Category/Open Category) is a term used in India to denote castes whose members are on average ahead of other Indians economically and socially. Also read: Namasudras are getting closer to BJP in West Bengal. Muslims are 30% of West Bengal's population. Now it has come down to . The upper caste population in West Bengal is not buying this (theory). Improper consolidation and Miscalculation of Hindu Votes by BJP/ The Subaltern Hindutva Politics of BJP: BJP's main agenda of consolidating votes here from West Bengal is by appealing to the Hindu population. The biggest Muslim concentration of about 47% to the India's total Muslim population reside in three states viz. The power structure in the East Bengal countryside was mainly divided between upper-caste landlords and lower-caste and Muslim peasants. In several parts of north Bengal, the population size of these two segments is proportionately higher than upper-caste Hindus and Muslims. If West Bengal's demographic share of Muslims was closer to that of of Uttar Pradesh or Bihar—where Muslims form 19 and 16 percent of the population, respectively—the result would likely have been very different. 1. Out of total 2258760 Rajbanshis in West Bengal, 77.19 percent of them are found to live in the northern part of the state known as North Bengal. Banerjee had her own electoral interest at heart when she reactivated Dalit identity politics in Bengal. The population of the Bihar is approximately 104,099,452. Back in 2019 BJP swept in total North Bengal and Central Bengal along with Durgapur-Asansol corridor, but now if you see in 2021 Vidhan Sabha election you will find that apart from . In a seeming paradox, the latest National Crime Records Bureau data show that West Bengal, which at 214 lakh has the second highest population of Scheduled Castes, recorded just 85 incidents of . Notwithstanding all the success stories in land reforms during the last three decades of left front government in West Bengal, the Bagdis, the Dules and the Muchis, i.e., Scheduled Caste communities (and the tribal communities as well) in two villages, Kalipur and Kadampur Footnote 8, in general possessed either no land or only meagre amounts of land. Its grand success in the last Lok Sabha . Throughout 60's and 70's, the political scenario in West Bengal was a race towards a communist . In West Bengal almost constitute 25 percent of the state population. Among the castes found in Bengal, besides Brahmana, the highest is the Kayastha. Answer (1 of 7): In West Bengal Brahmin , Baidya and Kayastha are the three castes who Dominate other castes when it comes to represent Bengal in all forms of media. The bureaucrats, police, judiciary are mostly all upper caste," says Molla in his office, in half-jest. In Kolkata itself, only 0.28 per cent STs and 5.38 per cent SCs live in the city, while the state has almost 23 per cent SC population and 5.5 per cent ST population. Occasionally, Namasudras and Muslims forged alliances. The Rajbanshis is one of the major Scheduled Castes in West Bengal. And so, despite the party lagging behind the BJP when it came to the non-Muslim vote, this is exactly what happened. P. Sinharay. happened-caste-west-bengal.html, accessed on 16 April 2014. formations like the recently formed Sinharay, Praskanva (2012): "A New Politics of Caste", "Social Justice Forum" before the Lok To Conclude Economic & Political Weekly, 47(34): 26-27. Notwithstanding all the success stories in land reforms during the last three decades of left front government in West Bengal, the Bagdis, the Dules and the Muchis, i.e., Scheduled Caste communities (and the tribal communities as well) in two villages, Kalipur and Kadampur Footnote 8, in general possessed either no land or only meagre amounts of land. In Bengal's caste matrix, the Schedule Castes (23%), Scheduled Tribe (6%), and the Other Backward Castes (16%) constitute a significant majority of the population. The new politics of caste in West Bengal has the potential to dislodge the traditional bipolar political discourse in the state. The state has registered 14.8 per cent decadal growth of SC population in 1991-2001. These dalit peoples of West Bengal living scattered in several districts of West Bengal are the worst victims and sufferers of Covid-19 pandemic and its consequent lockdown. Mainly the surnames which denote Brahmin are Mukherjee, Banerjee, Chatterjee, Ganguly, Ghoshal, Moitra, Bhattacharya, Chakraborty, . This same agenda was use by Left Front for ruling Bengal for 34 years. But, all the CMs of the state- whether of CPM, Congress, or TMC- have been from the Bhadralok community. Almost all the Jaharis have embraced Jainism. The politics of West Bengal has always been dominated by the Bhadralok Community, which constitutes three upper castes- Brahmin, Baidya, and Kayastha. In West Bengal the Matuas are mainly concentrated in the North 24-Parganas around Bongaon and the adjoining parts of Nadia. Muslim population potency in West Bengal Districts According to 2001 Census Report over 138 million or 13.4% population of the country is Muslim. Uday Chandra, Geir Heierstad, Kenneth Bo Nielsen. This volume offers for the first time a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the making and maintenance of a modern caste society in colonial and postcolonial West Bengal in India. Table B The jeweller class of Bengal, called the Jaharis, most likely have sprung from the Vaisyas. In some sense, they are still (having) some version of Hinduism which was being practised during the Left rule. The immigrant upper caste gentry in course of time become the most dominant group in the local society, economy, and politics," the paper states. The answer is, in Bengal, the SC population is nearly 23.51 per cent and the ST population is 5.85 per cent. Among the SC population of India, West Bengal shares 12.88% (2,14,63,270 out of 16,66,35,700 in India in 2011), 23.49% of the state's population. "Our party has made it clear till now that West . To put some perceptive on the matter, a couple of pollsters from EtG Research conducted a district wide opinion poll. The question of caste was pushed into the background. An article in The Times of India, published before 2016 West Bengal elections states that according to 1971 figures, 80 percent of the north Bengal population were Rajbongshis. After tallying the results of this opinion poll, we gather that, out of the 7 assembly constituencies, AITC might win 3, while the BJP might win 4.
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